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National Rural Health Mission - NRHM
Recognizing the importance of health in the process of economic and social development and improving the quality of life of our citizens, the Government of India has resolved to launch the National Rural Health Mission to carry out necessary architectural correction in the basic health care delivery system. The Mission adopts a synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health viz. segments of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water. It also aims at mainstreaming the Indian systems of medicine to facilitate health care. The Plan of Action includes increasing public expenditure on health, reducing regional imbalance in health infrastructure, pooling resources, integration of organizational structures, optimization of health manpower, decentralization and district management of health programmes, community participation and ownership of assets, induction of management and financial personnel into district health system, and operationalizing community health centers into functional hospitals meeting Indian Public Health Standards in each Block of the Country.
The Goal of the Mission is to improve the availability of and access to quality health care by people, especially for those residing in rural areas, the poor, women and children.
Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
- Universal access to public health services such as Women’s health, child health, water, sanitation & hygiene, immunization, and Nutrition.
- Prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, including locally endemic diseases
- Access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare Population stabilization, gender and demographic balance.
- Revitalize local health traditions and mainstream AYUSH
- Promotion of healthy life styles
Reproductive and Child Health programme (RCH)
In 1997, the Department of Family Welfare initiated the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme aimed at providing Integrated health and family welfare services to meet health care needs of women and children. The essential components recommended for nationwide implementation at all levels include:
- prevention and management of unwanted pregnancy;
- services to promote safe motherhood
- services to promote child survival
- prevention and treatment of RTI and sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Components of comprehensive RCH Care:
- Effective maternal and child health care.
- Increased access to contraceptive care.
- Safe management of unwanted pregnancies.
- Nutritional services to vulnerable groups.
- Prevention and treatment of RTI/ STD.
- Reproductive health services for adolescents.
- Prevention and treatment of gynaecological problems.
- Screening and treatment of cancers, especially uterine, cervical and breast cancer.
- These services are available in secondary and tertiary care centres in the country.
- Efforts are being made to improve the content, quality and coverage of care
Efforts were made to provide adequate inputs to improve the availability and access to RCH services and to improve the programme’s performance especially in states/districts with poor health indices. Attempts to reduce disparities between states/districts and achieve incremental improvement in the indices by replication of the strategies adopted by better performing districts were encouraged.
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Participants