Stipling – is a process when small dots are used to render an object. The play of light and shade is also shown with the use of dots. See as below
Hatching – is a process when small cross lines are used to render an object. It can also create half tones. See as below:
Cross Hatching – is a process when small criss cross lines are used to render an object. See as below:
Shading – is a process when pencil is used show the play of light on an object. The same effect can be created with the use of colors. See as below:
Texturing – Apart from the basic techniques, various textures can be created to depict a particular object. Given below are a few examples:
Rendering of fabrics – Using the various techniques described above, different fabrics need to be rendered differently according to their weight and hand feel. This needs a lot of practice and also the recognition of fabrics. Given below are a few examples:
To depict some textures, paper can be placed on some textured surface and then rendered. To render prints, one must understand the flow and repetition of the pattern and fall of the garment. Given below are a few examples: