VPA 221: Veterinary Entomology and Acarology (1+1)

PUPA - BITING MIDGES

2 - 4 mm, brown and highly chitinised Head and thorax are fused together It bears moderately long, tubular prothoracic horns for respiration Dorsal surface of pupa is covered with spines and tubercles Segmented abdomen ends in a pair of caudal spines with the help of which the pupa moves over the substrate. This is a short lived, non feeding stage Usually seen buried in the substrate and only prothoracic horns protrude on the surface This stage lasts for 3 - 10 days