Individual Local Anaesthetics

INDIVIDUAL LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

Individual agents

  • Procaine – introduced in 1905. hydrolysed by choline esterase to alcohol and PABA. Short acting – rapidly metabolized in plasma.
    • Also has antiarrhythmic effect
    • Not to be used when sulphonamides are given
  • Tetracaine– ester type – for topical anaesthesia
  • Lignocaine ( lidocaine ) amide type – widely used in human and vety. medicine.
    • Resistant to choline esterase - may produce ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest in large doses.
    • No tissue irritation, rapid onset of action, better diffusion and
    • longer duration of action
    • Also used as antiarrhythmic agent
  • Mepivacaine – similar to lignocaine but longer acting. Not effective topically
    • Bupivacaine – long acting and more potent (4 times than lignocaine )
    • For regional blocks and epidural blocks
  • Ropivacaine – amide type, long acting
    • Less CVS and CNS toxicity than bupivacaine
    • NOTE:  Cocaine is not in use now a days.
Last modified: Tuesday, 15 May 2012, 11:56 AM