VSR 421: Regional Veterinary Surgery (2+1)

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION  

 Etiology

• Foreign body obstruction
• Stenosis due to inflammation
• Paralitic Ileus
• Congenital  stenosis/ agenesis
• Faecal stasis
• Intussusception.
• Torsion / volvulus

Clinical Signs

• Small animals suffering from intestinal obstruction may vomit.
• Extreme weakness and animals may die in the course of 8-10 days.
• Smooth foreign bodies pass through and may cause stoppage at the ileo-caecal valve.
• Distension of bowel loops and   distended  abdomen
• Passing no stool/ blood tinged  mucous discharge
• per rectal examination reveals empty rectum and distended bowel loops.

Diagnosis

•  clinical signs
• By palpation
• By X-rays -Plain ,Contrast (Brium Meal)
• ultrasound
• laparoscopy/ endoscopy

Treatment

Enterotomy - It is an incision into the intestine.

• Procedure
  • Exteriorize and isolate the diseased or obstructed intestine from the abdomen by packing with towels.
  • Gently remove the intestinal contents from the isolated segment.
  • With non crushing intestinal forceps, occlude the intestinal lumen.
  • Make a full thickness stab incision into the intestinal lumen with a No 11 scalpel blade.
  • Remove the foreign bodies by incising the healthy-appearing tissue distal to the foreign body.
  • Remove the foreign body
  • Close the incision with apposition/inversion simple interrupted sutures. and omentalisation.
• Intussusception Or Invagination of the bowel
  • It is the telescoping or invagination of a proximal intestinal segment (intussusceptum) into the lumen of the distal segment (intussucipiens).
  • Abdominal plapation reveals a sausage shaped mass
  • Treatment is by enteropexy. 
  • Enteroanastomosis is done if the intestinal segment is devitalised