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We use microphones to send in sound waves for (a) live amplification as in stage shows, seminars, conferences, etc. and (b) for recording purposes as in audio and/or video tapes. The use of microphones in one form or the other is a given in video production, irrespective of the genre. 
There are several types of microphones available in the market to choose from-from flimsy to highly professional types, and from high-~nd to low-end makes. The type and the purpose of use direct our decision in purchasing microphones. Therefore, before purchasing microphones, it makes sense to consider the factors given below and balance between them and the budget:
- Purpose
- Audio quality
- Sensitivity
- Pick-up pattern
- Physical features in terms of size and look
- Impedance
- Frequency response
The impedanceof a microphone is a major factor in making a choice. In simple words, impedance means the resistance that the microphone cable offers to the flow of audio. High-impedance microphones can work best with short cables. If you attach a long cable, chances are that the recording will be of a low level. Most non-professional microphones have high impedance and are best avoided in video productions. On the other hand, a low-impedance microphone can work with lengthy cables and still offer good quality audio. Professional microphones have low impedance but are slightly expensive. Yet another factor is frequency response, that is, the capability of a microphone to receive high and low sounds. A good, professional microphone can receive frequencies ranging from 20-25,000 Hz.
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