|
Training and Development focus on changing or improving the knowledge skills, and attitudes of individuals. Training typically involves providing employees the knowledge and skills needed to do a particular task or job, though attitude change may also be attempted. Developmental activities, in contrast, have a longer-term focus on preparing for future work responsibilities, while also increasing the capacities of employees to perform the current jobs.
T & D activities begin when a new employee enters the organization, usually in the form of employee orientation and skills training. Employee orientation is the process by which new employees learn important organizational values and norms, establish working relationships and learn how to function within their jobs. The HRD staff and recruitment specialist generally share the responsibility for designing and conducting the orientation process, and beginning the initial skills training. Skills and technical training programs then focus to teach the new employee a particular skill or area of knowledge.
Once new employees have become proficient in their jobs, HRD activities should focus more on developmental activities- specifically, coaching and counseling. In the coaching process, individuals are encouraged to accept responsibilities for their action, to address work-related problems, and to achieve and sustain superior performance. Coaching involves treating employees as partners in achieving personal and organizational goals. Counseling techniques are used to help employees deal with personal problems that may interfere with achievement of these goals. Counseling programs may address such issues as stress management, smoking cessation, or fitness and nutrition.
HRD professionals are also responsible for co-coordinating management training and development programs to ensure that managers and supervisors have the knowledge and skills necessary to be effective in their positions. These programs may include supervisory training, job rotation, one-day seminars, or college and university courses.
|
Participants