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Section Symbol
Section symbols are used to indicate where sections are cut. The section mark consists of a 3/8"-1/2" diameter circle, an arrow that indicates the view direction of sight which is filled solid black, and two numbers (Figure 9). The upper number tells the section number on the sheet and the lower number indicates the sheet number where the section is drawn. Generally a section call-out is composed of two same section marks, one on each end of the cutting plane line, (Figure 12).
Section Marks
Section marks are used to indicate where sections are being taken or cut. Architectural practices are very similar to that used in engineering drawing. Because of the complexity of architectural drawings cutting plane lines are generally omitted and only the arrow indicating the direction of sight of the section view is shown. The section call?out consists of a 1/2" diameter circle, an arrow indication the direction of sight, and two numbers. The upper number/letter indicates the name of the section on the sheet and the lower number refers to the sheet where the section view is drawn.
The lettering in the section call?out circle is always horizontal regardless of the direction of the arrow. The arrow is a 45 degree line, tangent to the circle.
The arrow can be left open or colored in. The short line segments extending from the circle represent the cutting plane line. They can be single lines, double lines, or alternating thick and thin lines to conform to the overall drawing style.
Generally a section call?out consists of two circles, one on each end of the cutting plane line. It is permissible to omit one of the circles and replace it with a simple arrow. These arrows are simple and can be left open or colored in.
Elevation Symbol
Elevation marks are used to indicate which direction and from which point on the floor plan is drawn. The elevation mark consists of a 3/8"-1/2" diameter circle, an arrow that indicates the direction of sight, and two numbers. The upper number tells the elevation number on the sheet and the lower number indicates the sheet where the elevation is drawn. Elevation marks can be placed at each spot for different elevation views, as shown Figure 13. Or multiple elevation symbols may be used for the elevation views that are drawn from one middle spot of the space (Figure 14).
Detail Symbol
Detail drawings provide information about specific parts of the construction. A detail is both graphic and written information. An area of construction is drawn at a larger scale in order to clearly show the materials, dimensions, method of building, desired joint or attachment, and so on. Details are most commonly drawn as sections. It is as if a slice is made through a specific area and the inner components are visible.
Some examples of details are:
- Floor transition strips (the material to be used between two different floor materials, such as carpet to vinyl tile)
- Specifics about decorative features on ceilings or columns (shape, joints, moldings)
- Reveals in walls, ceilings, or between two different finishes
- Glass joints, frames, recessed support channels, etc.
There are many, many types of details. A drawing sheet will often have several details on it. The complexity of the project will determine what areas need to be shown at a larger scale.
Details are always drawn to scale. A typical scale for a detail is three inches is equal to one foot (scale: 3” = 1’-0”). The scale for each detail will vary depending on how much information is required to make the construction clear to the builder. Each detail will be titled with the scale noted below.
Detail drawings are identified by a detail mark composed of a 3/8"-1/2" diameter circle and two numbers. The upper number tells the detail number on the sheet and the lower number indicates the sheet number where the detail is drawn (Figure 18). The feature that needs a detail drawing is enclosed in a large circle and connected to the circle of the detail mark with a leader. Detail symbols are used on not only floor plan but also elevation or section drawings (Figure 19 & 20).
Elevation Datum
Elevation datum are used to indicate a level line control point. An elevation datum has three parts. Farthest from the drawing is a ¼" diameter circle with two lines crossing inside horizontally and vertically, and the upper right part and lower left part are filled with solid black. Above the horizontal line stretched out from the middle of the circle is a description of a point where a level is measured such as ceiling line, grade, or finished floor plan. The actual elevation that is the height of the point is described below the horizontal line (Figure 21). An elevation datum is generally used for exterior elevations.
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