Veterinary Clinical Medicine-I (General and Systemic)

ETIOLOGY

1. Idiopathic—cats
2. Mechanical obstruction—pelvic fracture malunion, foreign body or improper diet, stricture, pseudocoprostasis, prostatic disease, perineal hernia, neoplasia, anal or rectal atresia
3. Causes of dyschezia—anorectal disease, trauma
4. Metabolic disorders—hypokalemia, severe dehydration
5. Drugs—vincristine, barium, antacids, sucralfate, anticholinergics
6. Neurologic/neuromuscular disease—congenital abnormalities of the caudal spine, paraplegia, spinal cord disease, intervertebral disk disease, dysautonomia, sacral nerve disease, sacral nerve trauma, trauma to colonic innervation

Risk factors

• Conditions leading to inability to posture or rectoanal pain
• Prior pelvic fractures
• Possible association with low physical activity and obesity
• Perineal hernias