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ABNORMALITIES OF THE CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD
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Anemia in Farm Animals
- Etiology
- Hemorrhagic anemia
- As for hemorrhagic blood loss.
- Cattle
- Babesiosis, anaplasmosis, eperythrozoonosis, trypanosomiasis, theileriosis
- Bacillary hemoglobinuria
- Leptospirosis in claves (Leptospira interogans serovar Pomona)
- Postparturient hemoglobinuria
- Plant poisons in Brassica spp., Mercurialis, Pimelea, Alliums.
- Feeding cannery offal of onions, tomatoes
- Poisoning by phenothaizine, guaifenesin, chronic cooper, especially in calves
- Rarely in treatment with long acting tetracycline
- In a transfusion reaction
- Congential isoerythrolysis due to vaccination of dam with blood-derived vaccination, e.g., anaplasmosis
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in young calves
- Inherited dyserythropoieses in Polled Herefords
- Congential anemia in Murray Grey cattle due to cell membrane delect
- Sheep
- Chronic copper poisoning , primary due to excessive intake, secondary due to ingestion pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
- Eperythrozoonosis, babesiosis
- Plant toxins in Brascia, Alliums pp.
- Fasciola, Haemonchus spp infestations
- Lambs fed cow colostrum from rare individual cows
- Horses
- Equine infectious anemia
- Babesiosis
- Phenothiazine poisoning
- Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
- Antoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Penicillin-induced hemolytic anemia
Nutritional deficiency anemia
- Copper-ruminants
- Cobalt-ruminants
- Iron- piglets and claves
- Potassium, possibly in claves
- Pyridoxine, experimentally
- Folic acid. Some response to supplementation in horses
Anemia secondary to chlorine disease
- Chronic supporative processes
- Radiation injury
- Poisoning by:
- Ptaquilsode
- Trichlorethylene extracted soybean meal
- Arsenic
- Furazolidone
- Phenylbutazone
- Sequel to inclusion body rhinitis of pigs
- Osteragiasis , trichostrongylosis in claves and lambs
- Temporarily after moving to high altitude
Myelopthisic anemia
- Lymphosarcoma in calves
- Plasma cell myelomatosis in claves , pigs and horses
- Melofibrosis in horses
Miscellaneous anemias
- Equine unspecified anemia
Clinical findings
- All signs
- Except reduced physical performance, as in racing-limited to occurrence when anemia already severe
- Mucosal pallor
- Depression
- Anorexia
- Weakness, shuffling gait, tremor, terminal recumbency
- Tachybency
- Large amplitude (bounding ) pulse
- Marked increase in heart beat intensity; loud sounds, exaggerated beat
- Heart dilation
- Hemic systolic murmur, maximum at inspiration peak
- Deep sighing respiration short of dyspnea until late stages
- Associated signs include edema, hemoglobinuria, jaundice
Clinical pathology
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Hemoglobin level reduced; clinical signs at 50% reduction, below 20% incompatible with life
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Erythocyte count, packed cell volume reduced
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Immature erythrocyte numbers increased in hemorrhagic, hemolytic anemia except in horses
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No evidence of erythrocyte regeneration in chronic disease anemia
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Hypoproteinemia in hemorrhagic anemia
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Serum and plasma discolored due to hemoglobin, and hemoglobinuria in hemolytic anemia
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Hypochromasia in nutritional deficiency of iron
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Bone marrow biopsy essential for diagnosis of myelophthistic anemia
Diagnosis
- Resembles
- Hemorrhagic blood loss
- Hemorrhagic disease
- Shock
- Shortfall
- Performance
- Ill-thrift
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Poor performance
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Treatment of specific cause, possibly verified by response trial
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Hematinic preparation, especially iron administered orally, supportively; organic iron parenterally for more prolonged effect
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Corticosteroids in autoimmune anemia
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Participants