Veterinary Clinical Medicine-I (General and Systemic)

PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM

Pulmonary Thrmboembolism(PTE)

• Etiology
  • Embrolus from jugular vein phlebitis, thrombosis, tricuspid valve endocarditis
  • Caudal vena caval syndrome
  • Vascular surgery  
• Clinical findings
  • Severe acute dyspnea
  • Anxiety
  • Profuse sweating
  • Temperature, pulse rate elevated
  • No toxaemia
  • Lungs clear on auscultation
  • Usually spontaneous recovery in 24-48 hours 
• Sequels
  • Possibly blindness, imbecility
  • Pulmonary abscess
  • Pulmonary hypertension leading to corpulmonale
  • Pulmonary arterial aneurysm leading to rupture and pulmonary hemorrhage  
• Clinical Pathology
  • Leukocytosis, left shift, serum fibrinogen level elevated. 
• Diagnosis resembles
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneuothorax
  • Hemothorax  
• Treatment
  • As for iliac thrombosis
    • The prognosis is for chronically progressive disease so treatment not highly effective
    • Parenteral antiocoagulants, fibrinolytic enzymes, sodium gluconate have been used, including by retrograde catherization up occygeal artery
    • Stallion impotence responds to phenybutazone plus gonadotrophin relasing hormone
    • Broad-specturm antibiotic regimen needed if infection still active