Human Nutrition 3(3+0)

Lesson 36 : Iodine

Effect of deficiency

Deficiency of iodine in humans leads to enlargement of thyroid gland resulting in goiter. The thyroid gland of the adult which normally weighs about 25 g. may weigh as much as 200 to 500 g. or even more in goiter due to overgrowth of glandular tissue.

In children severe iodine deficiency results in cretinism.

Goiter

Grade 1

Grade 2

Hypothyroidism means a decreased activity of the thyroid gland which may affect all body functions. The rate of metabolism slows down causing mental and physical sluggishness. The most severe form of hypothyroidism is myxedema. Hypothyroidism can be caused by a problem with the thyroid itself (primary), or by the malfunction of the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus (secondary).

Primary and secondary hypothyroidism: may result due to

 

Inability of gland to produce the required quantity of thyroid hormones.

Lack of stimulation of thyroid gland by pituitary.

Effects of iodine deficiency in humans

Adults(goiter)	Children
Symptoms: Lack of energy Tire easily Reduced productivity	Symptoms: Lowered IQ(10 – 15pts) Impaired learning and preschool performance Mental retardation Delayed motor development Growth failure or stunting Lack of energy Impaired coordination Muscular disorder Paralysis – sluggishness Speech defects Hearing defects

Effects of iodine deficiency in pregnant women:

• Spontaneous abortions
• Still births
• Infant deaths
• Impaired brain development of foetus
• Birth of Iodine deficient babies – Cretin (mental deficiency, hearing defects, squint, stunted growth).