Epigastric pain, heart burn etc., due to reflux of acid into oesophagus occurring as deep hunger contraction 1 to 3 hours after meals is often the chief complaint. The pain may be described as dull, piercing, burning or gnawing and is usually relieved by taking food or alkalies.
Discomfort and flatulence in upper part of abdomen. The basis for the pain may be the action of un-neutralised hydrochloric acid on exposed nerve fibres at the site of the ulcer.
Pain is also associated with hypermotility of the stomach or gastric distension following ingestion of large amounts of food or liquids.
Low plasma protein levels are often present and delay rapid and complete healing of the ulcer.
Weight loss and iron deficiency anaemia are common.
The intake of iron, ascorbic acid, and B-complex vitamins, particularly thiamine may be less than desirable because of self imposed limitation of green leafy vegetables and other good sources of these nutrients.
In some instances, haemorrhage is the first indication of an ulcer and requires surgical intervention. Other complications such as obstruction, perforation and carcinoma are treated surgically.
Bleeding ulcers can result in vomiting known as haematemesis (dark brown in color).
There are spasms of pyloric canal and this may give rise to a feeling of sickness, distension and prevent taking food.
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