ANN 111: Principles of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology (2+1)

Animal and vegetable fat

ANIMAL AND VEGETALE FAT

Dairy cows in early lactation demands a high-energy ration. A higher level of energy in the ration can be achieved by increasing the amount of cereal grains. However, higher levels of grain are not desirable owing to negative effects on rumen metabolism. In this juncture, fats have received increased interest and are considered to be potential source of energy in the rations of lactating cows. Hence, strategies that would actually enable more fat to be included in the ruminant diet through protected fat gained considerable importance. Similarly high growth rate in broilers / egg production in layers lead to increased energy density in diet and this could be achieved only by inclusion of fat in the diet. Fat (Vegetable /Animal) provides 2.25% more energy than carbohydrate or protein. Oil and fat reduces the dustiness in feed and lessens the wear on feed mixing equipments. Vegetable oils like corn oil, Groundnut oil, sunflower oil and animal fat like lard, tallow are extensively used in livestock / poultry feeding. Animal fat contains saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids of C20, C22, C24. Vegetable fats contain greater proportion of linoleic acid. Higher level of poly unsaturated fatty acids leads to rancidity and therefore anti oxidants like Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or Ethoxyquin should be included in high fat diet.

High producing livestock and poultry needs high energy feed to meet their nutritional demand. Fat; oil provides 2.25 % more energy than protein and Carbohydrate. Higher level of PUFA leads to rancidity. Anti oxidants like BHT or Ethoxyquin should be included in high fat diet.