Crop residues
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These are available from crops of previous years. It can also be available from the non-drought areas. Apart from the known straws and stovers some other less used crop residues are very valuable during scarcity.
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They can be mixed with concentrate in higher proportion so as to minimise the need for roughage. They can also be used upto 30% level in preparing complete feeds.
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Hulls and husks are fibrous materials and provide bulk to the animal feeds during scarcity. Normally they can be used upto filler 5% level in compounded concentrate mixture as filler materials. However, during scarcity their use should be intensified.
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Mustard plant parts (stem + leaves + pod cover) is a potentially useful roughage source for feeding to animals during scarcity. It is richer in protein and calcium than cereal straws.
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During severe scarcity, stalks of cotton, pigeon pea and other similar crops can also provide bulk to the animals in satisfying hunger of large bovine population. They can be fed after grinding and mixing with concentrate and roughage or by incorporating them in complete feeds.
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Crop residues such as straws of wheat and paddy are also not utilized efficiently during normal years. Under normal years, if straws are properly stored in the fodder bank, then they will be very useful during drought.
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Improvement of straw by urea treatment or by supplement of urea will be useful during drought. Straws with thick stems such as sorghum, pearl millet etc. must be chopped before feeding. Chaffing reduces the wastage to the tune of 15 to 20%.
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Some facts and figures about straw
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Burning of a hectare of straw from a average rice crop of let us say 3000kg paddy results in the loss of
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Export of the bran results in the loss of 300 kg bran of 10% protein, i.e. 5 kg of nitrogen, leave alone the other nutrients like P and K.
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If a cow of 300kg body weight can eat approximately 5 kg dry matter of straw per day, the same quantity of 4000 kg straw provides for 800 days animal feed.
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The quality of particularly slender straws like from rice and wheat is not good enough to keep the animal alive over a long period, but the quantity is large and the value of the straw yield can represent between 10-15% or higher of the total crop value
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Last modified: Monday, 1 August 2011, 6:54 AM