LPT 312: Abattoir Practices and Animal Products Technology (1+1)

USES

• Animal blood is used in several ways and its collection method also depends on the specific end use.
• Some of the uses are listed below.
• As human food
  • Only a small quantity of available blood is used as human food, such as for preparation of black puddings and sausages.
  • Blood used for human food must be of fresh and derived from animals, which have been inspected and passed.
  • It is very difficulty to collect clear blood from animals slaughtered according to Jewish or Mohammedan rituals as such blood is often contaminated with regurgitated food.
  • The collection should be done in clear receptacles in such a manner as to prevent contamination.
  • Blood containers should be identified with the carcass, so that, if the carcass is condemned, the blood may be destroyed.
  • The blood after leaving the body clots quickly due to formation of fibrin, which enmeshes most of the blood cells squeezing out the serum.
  • Liquid blood is required for certain manufacturing purposes both for food and industry.
  • This can be achieved by defibrination and is done by stirring the blood, with a wooden ladle or by whipping it with a wire whip.
  • The fibrin will gradually settle on the blade or whip, which will be dark–red in colour.
  • It is a valuable food for man and poultry or can be used for the manufacture of peptone or lecithin.
  • The fibrin can be washed nearly white in water and dried and preserved until required.
  • Plasma is used as protein boosters in foods and used as binder or stabilizer in meat products.
• For industrial use
  • Preservation of blood by chemicals is necessary when the blood is used in tanneries and other commercial use.
  • But, however, because of the addition of chemicals, there is some loss of quality.
  • Chemical preservation may add some undesirable properties to the blood.
  • The addition of chemicals should be done only after consultation with the buyer.
  • For industrial use when liquid blood is needed, anti-coagulants such as oxalate or citrate is added.
  • The blood is then centrifuged to separate the red and white corpuscles from the serum.
  • Plasma is used as waterproof adhesive in plywood industry.
  • Used in lithographic coloured solution, this contains albumen and ammonium dichromate.
  • Used in textile dyeing, and as stabilizer for feed mixtures and pet foods.
  • Used as foam compounds in fire extinguishers; as substitute for egg albumen (blood albumen); in ceramics and is cosmetic base formations.
• As stock feed
  • Only fraction of the blood available can usually be used for human food or industrial use.
  • All the remainder should be utilized for stock feed production as blood meal, mixed blood meal and lysine supplement.
• As fertilizer
  • Used as compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphates, seed coating and soil pH stabilizer.
• As biochemical and pharmaceutical
  • Amino acids – lysine, leucine, histidine and phenylalanine are used as biochemical.
  • Thrombin and prothrombin are used as blood clotting agents. Immununoglobulins, serotonin, peptone and plasma extenders are used as pharmaceuticals.
• As laboratory and biological media
  • Blood agar, tissue culture media, albumin and globulin, sphingomyelin and catalase are used as laboratory and biological media.