Rotenone

ROTENONE

  • Sources
    • Derived from roots of the Derris and Lonchocupus plant. Also known as derris root powder.
    • Synonyms are derrin, nicourine, and tubatoxin. Used historically in Malaya and South America to kill fish and for poison arrows.
    • It is used as an insecticide and is more toxic than pyrethrins. Formulated into products for use in gardens and on dogs and cats (dips, sprays, powders).
    • Formulations include dusts of 0.75 - 1.5% concentration, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders of 5% concentration, solutions (up to 57%) and resins.
    • Highly toxic to birds and fish, may affect any species. Cats most often affected after deliberate use of rotenone containing products for ectoparasitism.
  • Pharmacokinetics
    • Rotenone is metabolized by liver, undergoes hydroxylation to form equally toxic rotenoids.
    • Detoxification in liver by demethylation can also occur .
    • Rotenone blocks NAD-flavin electron transport in respiratory metabolism which results in blockade of nerve conduction.
    • Specifically, interferes with the electron transport process between flavoprotein and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Also blocks oxidation of NADH.
    • Oral exposure results in gastric irritation and vomiting.
    • Dermal exposure may cause problems in dogs; more often in cats.
    • Possible skin irritation occurs and severe pulmonary irritation from inhalation of dust.
    • Signs may include vomiting, lethargy, tremors, stupor, clonic, repeated convulsions, respiratory failure, dyspnea and death.
  • Lesions
    • Pulmonary congestion and gastrointestinal tract irritation.
    • When chronically fed to rats or dogs, passive congestion of the liver with midzonal necrosis was observed.
    • In oral exposure, avoid fatty or oily foods as they enhance absorption.
    • Control the fraction absorbed depending upon route of exposure and condition of patient.
    • Monitor blood glucose and administer glucose as needed. Monitor acid-base status and, if necessary, correct metabolic acidosis with diluted bicarbonate (slow iv).
    • Vitamin K3 which activates a bypass of the rotenone sensitive site has been recommended. Vitamin K3 should not be used in horses.
    • Supportive and symptomatic care will be useful.
Last modified: Sunday, 30 October 2011, 10:05 AM