Anticoagulant Rodenticieds
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ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIEDS (Warfarin and congeners)
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The anticoagulant rodenticides are a potential hazard for all mammals, birds, and possibly other species.
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The susceptibility varies among animal species and the toxicity of the compounds also varies.
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Dogs and cats are most frequently involved, with occasional problems encountered in swine, ruminants, horses, pet birds, rodents and rabbits.
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Pets and wildlife may be poisoned directly by eating the bait or indirectly by eating the poisoned rodents.
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In domestic animals, intoxication is the result of feed contamination, malicious use and feed mixed in the equipment used to prepare rodent bait.
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Although consumption of warfarin-poisoned rodents or birds by carnivores does not appear to present a likely hazard for the predator, consumption of tissues from diphacinone-poisoned animals has caused secondary poisoning in eagles, rats, dogs and mink.
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Secondary toxicity may rarely occur with other second-generation anticoagulants.
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All anticoagulants have the basic coumarin or indanedione nucleus.
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The 'first-generation' anticoagulants (warfarin, pindone, coumafuryl, coumachlor, isovaleryl indanedione, and others less frequently used) require multiple feedings to result in toxicity.
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The 'intermediate' anticoagulants (chlorophacinone and in particular diphacinone) require fewer feedings than “first-generation” chemicals, and thus are more toxic to nontarget species.
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The 'second-generation' anticoagulants (brodifacoum and bromadiolone) are highly toxic to non target species (dogs, cats and potentially livestock) after a single feeding.
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Last modified: Saturday, 20 August 2011, 7:53 AM