Castration in dogs

CASTRATION IN DOGS

Indications

  • To avoid unwanted breeding
  • Neoplastic growth or crushing injuries over the testicle
  • Enlarged prostate
  • Perineal hernia
  • To make the animal more docile

Anaesthesia

  • Local infiltration
  • Spermatic block or epidural anaesthesia

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Anatomy

  • The epididymis is attached dorso-lateral aspect of the testis
  • The head of the epididymis is pointing towards anterior
  • The testes, epididymis and spermatic cord is enclosed by a serous sac, the tunica vaginalis.
  • The spermatic cord consists of anterior vascular bundle and posterior avascular bundle.

Blood supply

  • Spermatic vessels – To the testes
  • External pudic vessels – To the scrotum

Nerve supply

  • Spermatic nerves derived from renal and mesenteric plexus supply to the testes
  • Branches of third and fourth lumbar spinal nerves supply to the scrotum.

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Site

  • Pre scrotal site – middle line in front of the scrotum
  • Longitudinal incision on the ventral aspect of scrotum, lateral and parallel to the median raphe on either side.
  • Longitudinal incision parallel to the median raphe on one side to remove that testicle and second incision through the first one on the mediastinum testes to remove the other testicle.

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Open prescrotal approach (Uncovered)

  • Place the animal in dorsal recumbency.
  • Check for the presence of two testes inside the scrotum.
  • Shave the area; prepare the caudal abdomen and medial thigh area aseptically.
  • Drape the surgical area to exclude the scrotum from the field.
  • Apply pressure over the scrotum, advance the testis as for as possible towards the prescrotal area.
  • Incise the skin and subcutaneous tissue along the median raphe over the pushed testis.
  • Extend the incision through the spermatic fascia and exteriorize the testicle.
  • Incise the parietal vaginal tunic layer over the testis.
  • Don’t incise tunica albugenia.
  • Further exteriorize the testis by traction.
  • Indentify the structures of spermatic cord.
  • Individually ligate the vascular cord and ductus deferens, then place an encircling ligature around both using No.2 chromic catgut or polyglactin.
  • The other testis is removed similarly through the same opening. The skin wound is closed with an subcuticular or simple interrupted suture pattern.

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Open method - Longitudinal incision on the ventral aspect of scrotum, lateral and parallel to the median raphe on either side (Uncovered)

  • Push the testis towards the skin of the scrotum between thumb and index finger.
  • Put incision on anterio-posteriorly parallel to median raphe by incising skin, dartos and tunica vaginalis.
  • The testis will come out through the wound.
  • Separate the spermatic cord into anterior vascular bundle and posterior avascular bundle.
  • Ligate the vascular bundle using No.2 chromic catgut or polyglactin and separate the testis by cutting.
  • Repeat the procedure for other testis by putting incision on the anterio-posterior aspect of the respective scrotum.
  • The skin wound is left open.

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Open method - Longitudinal incision parallel to the median raphe on one side to remove that testicle and second incision through the first one on the mediastinum testes to remove the other testicle (Uncovered)

  • Push the testis towards the skin of the scrotum between thumb and index finger.
  • Put incision on anterio-posteriorly parallel to median raphe by incising skin, dartos and tunica vaginalis.
  • The testis will come out through the wound.
  • Separate the spermatic cord into anterior vascular bundle and posterior avascular bundle.
  • Ligate the vascular bundle using No.2 chromic catgut or polyglactin and separate the testis by cutting.
  • Extract the second testis through same opening by making an incision over median septum of the scrotum.
  • The skin wound is left open.

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Open covered method

  • The difference here as compared with the open uncovered method is the testes are removed along with the tunica vaginalis.
  • The spermatic cord is severed after ligaturing it over the tunica vaginalis.

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Last modified: Thursday, 7 June 2012, 4:03 AM