VLD 421: Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis-II (0+1)

INTRODUCTION

• The words ‘sample’ and ‘specimen’ are used to denote a portion of a body fluid, tissue, incubation medium, and so on obtained under defined conditions. The samples encountered may range from relatively pure solutions of a drug to a putrefying piece of tissue. Liquids, such as blood, saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are generally easier to sample and to analyze than solids and semisolids, which require homogenization or digestion prior to analysis. Blood plasma is used in clinical work if quantitative measurements are needed in order to assess dosage or monitor treatment. Urine is commonly used in qualitative work such as drug abuse screening. Because the urine collection is noninvasive and the concentrations of many drugs and other poisons, and their metabolites, tend to be higher than in blood, thereby facilitating analyte detection