VLD 421: Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis-II (0+1)

DRUGS

Appreciation and Differentiation of Symptoms caused by Drugs

1	Phenothiazine	Horses : Dullness, weakness, anorexia followed by oliguria, colic, constipation, fever, and rapid pulse. Signs related to haemolysis of erythrocytes include icterus, anaemia and haemoglobinuria. Ruminants : Photosensitization signs ( not in horses) include reddening and thickening of ears, muzzle and other non-pigmented areas of the skin, with later development.
2	Salicylates	Acute : Haematemesis and gastric ulcer, stillbirths Chronic toxicity : lethargy, hyperpnoea, respiratory alkalosis, decreased blood prothrombin concentration.
3	Digitalis	GI disturbances such as inappetence, diarrhoea, emesis, weakness, depression, cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances. Chronic toxicosis in dogs and cats may lead to continued weight loss. Large does have been associated with various neurologic disturbances.
4	Chlorpromazine	Acute : Animal becomes unsteady, sinks backward on its hocks, and then lungs forward in an uncoordinated manner. The horses may stumble and fall, then stand and continue lunging and rearing. This violent reaction (incoordination and excitement) alternates with periods of sedation Chronic toxicity : With the above signs leucopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, jaundice, drowsiness, dizzness, fatigue, dryness of mouth, urinary retention and constipation.