Guide to the interpretation of Groupings of clinical signs

COMMUNITY NUTRITION 3 (1+2)
Lesson 4 : Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status

Guide to the interpretation of Groupings of clinical signs

Protein - energy deficiency

  • Edema
  • Muscle wasting
  • Low - body weight
  • Psychomotor change
  • Dyspigmentation of the hair
  • Easy plukability of the hair
  • Moon - face
  • Flaky paint dermatosis
  • Diffuse depigmentation of the skin

Vitamin A deficiency

  • Xerosis of skin
  • Follicular hyperkeratosis, type 1
  • Xerosis conjunctiva
  • Keratomalacia
  • Bitot's spots

Thiamine deficiency

  • Loss of ankle jerks
  • Loss of knee jerks
  • Sensory loss and motor weakness
  • Calf - muscle tenderness
  • Cardiovascular dysfunction
  • Oedema

Riboflavin deficiency

  • Angular stomatitis; angular scars
  • Cheilosis
  • Magenta tongue
  • Central atrophy of lingular papillae
  • Naso - labial dyssebacea
  • Angular palpebritis
  • Scrotal and vulval dermatosis
  • Corneal vascularization

Niacin deficiency

  • Pellagrous dermatosis
  • Scarlet and raw tongue
  • Tongue fissuring
  • Atrophic lingual papillae
  • Molar and supra orbital

Pigmentation

Vitamin C deficiency

  • Spongy and bleeding gums
  • Follicular hyperkeratosis, type 2
  • Petechiae
  • Ecchymoses
  • Intramuscular or subperiosteal

Haematoma

  • Epiphyseal enlargement ( painful)

Vitamin D deficiency

  • Active rickets ( in children)
    Epiphyseal enlargement (over 6 months of age), painless beading of ribs Craniotabes(under 1 year of age) Muscular hypotonia.
  • Healed rickets(in children or adults)
    Frontal and parietal bossing, Knock-knees or bow-legs, deformities of thorax.
  • Osteomalacia( in adults) Local or generalized skeletal deformities.

Iron deficiency

  • Pallor of mucous membranes
  • Koilonychia
  • Atrophic lingual papillae.

Iodine deficiency Enlargement of thyroid
Excess of fluorine (Fluorosis)

Mottled dental enamel, (difficult to distinguish in early stages from enamel hypoplasia).
Index Previous
Home
Next
Last modified: Wednesday, 30 November 2011, 12:07 PM