Proof reading traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors. Modern proof reading often requires reading copy at earlier stages as well.
A proof copy is a version of a manuscript that has been typeset after copyediting. Proof typescripts often contain typographical errors introduced by mistyping. Traditionally, a proof reader checks the typeset and marks any errors using standard proof correction marks. The proof is then returned to the typesetter for correction, and in many cases the production of a second proof copy. Proofreading is considered a specific skill that must be learned because it is the nature of the mind to automatically correct errors. Someone not trained in proof reading may not see errors such as missing words or improper usage because their mind is showing them what is trained to recognize as correct.
The term proofreading is sometimes used correctly to refer to copy-editing. This is a separate activity; through there is some overlap between the two. Proof reading consists of reviewing any text, either hand copy or electronic copy and checking for typos and formatting errors. This may be done either against an original document or “blind”. Many modern proof readers are also required to take on some light copy-editing duties, such as checking for grammar and consistency issues.
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