Veterinary Preventive Medicine-II

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION

Clinical manifestations

• Clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and vesicular exanthema (VE).
  Epithelial tissue is initially involved, followed by viraemia with generalized infection of lymphoid tissues
• The first signs - reduced feed intake, lameness and tenderness of the feet, fever up to 106°F, and the formation of vesicles on the feet, snout, tongue, mouth, nostrils, and teats.
• The prognosis is favorable, but in most countries infected animals are slaughtered.

Diagnosis

• Samples to be collected: Vesicular fluid, affected skin and mucous membranes, blood with anticoagulant, and serum.
  • Cell culture : The virus can be propagated in cell cultures of porcine kidney. Cytopathic changes typical of Picornavirus are produced in 2 - 4 days.
  • ELISA to detect viral antigen in vesicular material. Because SVD resembles clinically FMD a correct diagnosis is imperative.

Prevention

• Vaccines are not available to prevent SVD.
• SVD is a reportable disease and, if it is suspected strict measures of control including quarantine and slaughter are implemented.