In coastal area, sea is shallow, while further away, it is deep. Producers vary from microscopic algae to large seaweeds. There are zooplankton and a variety of invertebrates which fish, turtles and marine mammals. Marine ecosystem is used by coastal fisher folk for fishing as their livelihood. Coral reefs are very rich in species and are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and in the Gulf of Kutch. Brackish water ecosystems in river deltas are covered by mangrove forests and are among the world’s most productive ecosystems. The largest mangrove swamps are in the Sunderbans in the delta of the Ganges River.
Producers: A number of macroscopic seaweeds as brown and red algae contribute significantly to primary production.
Consumers:
Primary consumers: are crustaceans, molluscs, fish etc. Secondary consumers: are carnivorous fish Herring, Shad, Mackerel etc. Tertiary consumers: are Cod, Haddock etc.
Decomposers: are microbes like bacteria and fungi.
Participants