VPP 322: Aquatic Animal Diseases, Health Care and Management (1+1)

INTRODUCTION

• Disease process can be initiated by exposure to unfavourable environmental changes such as temperature fluctuation, high ammonia concentration, low oxygen levels, overcrowding and inadequate diets. Each of these factors can play a role in the initiation and development of a disease. The conditions listed above are referred to as stress factor. These stress factors single or in combination causes the stress response, which depending on the intensity and duration can be either beneficial or potentially hazardous to the fish. Viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic agents affect the fishes when they are maintained in unfavourable environmental condition.