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LIPID DEFICIENCY SIGNS IN FISHES
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| Defecient lipid
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Deficiency signs
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Essential Fatty Acid
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Increased mortality, elevated muscle water content, swollen pale liver, increased hepatosomatic index (Fatty liver), reduced spawning efficiency, reduced appetite and growth, increased liver lipid content, reduced growth and feed efficiency
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In the absence of suitable antioxidant protection, lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, including EFA) are highly prone to auto-oxidation on exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Under these conditions, the nutritional benefit of EFA in fact becomes deleterious to the health of the fish.
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Feedstuffs rich in PUFA which are particularly susceptible to lipid oxidative damage (oxidative rancidity) includes fish oils, fish meal, rice bran and expeller oilseed cakes containing little or no natural antioxidant activity. During the process of lipid auto-oxidation chemical degradation products are formed, including free radicals, peroxides, hydro peroxides, aldehydes and ketones, which in turn react with other dietary ingredients (vitamins, proteins and other lipids) reducing their biological value and availability during digestion. At present oxidative rancidity is believed to be one of the most deteriorative changes which occurs in stored feedstuffs.
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Essential fatty acid
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Pathological effects
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Oxidation of dietary lipids
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Marked congestion with some hemorrhage in dermal vessels around snout and at bases of pectoral/dorsal fins, lordosis, exophthalmia, abdominal swelling, darkening of liver, poor growth and feed efficiency, loss of appetite, increased mortality, swollen liver, decreased lipid deposition, anaemia, reduced haematocrit and hemoglobin content
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Participants