VPP 322: Aquatic Animal Diseases, Health Care and Management (1+1)

MINERAL DEFICIENCY SIGNS IN FISHES

Element	Deficiency signs in fishes
Phosphorus	Poor growth and feed efficiency, bone demineralization, skeletal deformity, anorexia, curved and enlarged spongy vertebrae, decreased liver glycogen.
Calcium	Poor growth and feed efficiency, low carcass ash Ca and P, anorexia
Potassium	Reduced growth and feed efficiency, anorexia, convulsions, tetany and death
Magnesium	Reduced growth, anorexia, convulsion, reduced bone magnesium content, cataract, muscle flaccidity, high mortality, reduced feed efficiency
Iron	Hypochromic microcytic anaemia
Zinc	Reduced growth and appetite, depresses bone calcium and zinc content, cataract, dwarfism, fin erosion
Manganese	Reduced growth and appetite, loss of equilibrium cataract, abnormal tail growth
Copper	Reduced growth, cataract
Selenium	Increased mortality, muscular dystrophy, reduced growth, anaemia and cataract
Iodine	Thyroid hyperplasia (goiter)