VMD 513: Pet animal Breeding, Management, Nutrition and Health Care (1+1)

MALE REPRODUCTION

Orchitis

• Granuloms due to infection with a variety of bacterial like E. coli, Salmonella spp., P.multocida may occur.
• Affected bird may show signs of generalized infection.
• Lack of libido, the causative organisms may be identified and treated with appropriate antibiotics.

Testicular atrophy

• Testicular atrophy degeneration and hypoplasia may occur as a annual event in seasonal breeders.
• Other condition like malnutrition, toxicity or bacterial infection can cause testicular degeneration.

Testicular tumors

• Unilateral testicular enlargement may be due to a tumour.
• The testes of sparrows can increase up to a thousand fold during the breeding season.