Newcastle disease
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Four major strains of the virus affect poultry and non domestic birds. Transmission is primarily by aerosols.
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Infection is also spread to other facilities either by moving people form one place to another.
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Most of the families of the order Psittaciformes has reported occurrence of ND.
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Passerines seem to be more resistant, but Mynah, Java sparrow and canaries have experienced mortality when exposed to VVND virus.
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Some of the pets like Amazon parrots, Indian hill Mynah, Budgerigar and some conures act as carrier and shed virus for long period following infection.
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Clinical signs are in young birds, especially the only sing may be a per acute disease unresponsive to antibiotic therapy and with high mortality.
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In more susceptible birds yellowish or hemorrhagic diarrhea, coughing, sneezing and dyspnea are noticed.
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The central nervous system is commonly affected, resulting in a bird that is ataxic, uncoordinated or hyper excitable.
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Other CNS signs include torticollis, opisthotonus, tremors, nodding, jerking of head and bilateral paralysis of the limbs.
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Control of the disease is by minimizing the exposure to affected/carrier birds.
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VVND virus are sensitive to a number of disinfectants. Orthophenyl phenol is a good disinfectant.
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Infected and exposed birds should be killed.
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The vaccination programs so important in commercial poultry operations are not an option for control of VVND in cage birds.
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Last modified: Thursday, 7 June 2012, 10:33 AM