Tropical and subtropical vegetables (2+1)

Botanical classification

I. Botanical classification:

Class: Spermatophyta

Division-I: Gymnospermae: Ovules naked, not enclosed in ovary

Division- II: Angiospermae: Ovules in an ovary

All vegetables belong to the group Spermatophyta and sub division II Angiospermae. Botanical classification is most useful from breeder’s point of view and helps in identification of vegetables. It provides information on morphological and cytological similarities and dissimilarities, floral biology and other details of crop improvement. The botanical names along with the family of common vegetable crops are given below.

Monocotyledonae (one seed half): 1)Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae) Onion Garlic       Leek	Allium cepa A. sativum     A. porrum
2) Araceae Colocasia	Colocasia esculenta
3) Graminae Sweet corn	Zea mays
4) Liliaceae Asparagus	Asparagus officinalis
5) Dioscorecaeae Yam	Dioscorea alata
Dicotyledonae (Two seed half): 1) Aizoaceae New Zealand spinach	Tetragonia expansa
2) Araliaceae Udo	Aralia cordata
3) Chenopodiaceae Beet                   Spinach Palak	Beta vulgaris Spinacia oleracea Beta vulgaris var.bengalensis
4) Convolvulaceae Sweet potato	Ipomoea batatas
5) Cruciferae ( Brassicacaeae) Cabbage                      Cauliflower                 Brussels sprout            Chinese cabbage         Turnip                        Mustard                       Raddish	Brassica oleraceae var. capitata Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis Brassica oleraceae var. Gemmifera B. Campestris var.pekinensis B.campestris var. rapa B. juncea Raphanus sativus
6) Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin                       Summer squash           Cucumber                    Ridge gourd               Sponge gourd              Snake gourd                Bottle gourd                Water melon Winter squash Bitter gourd	Cucurbita  moschata Cucurbita pepo Cucumis sativus Luffa acutangula Luffa cylindrica Trichosanthes cucumerina Lagenaria siceraria Citrullus lanatus Cucurbita maxima Momordica charantia
7) Compositae (Asteraceae)             Lettuce                        Globe artichoke Jerusalem artichoke	Lactuca sativa Cynara scolymus Helianthus tuberosus
8) Euphorbiaceae             Tapioca/cassava	Manihot esculenta
9) Leguminosae (Fabaceae)             Cluster bean    Indian bean/Hyacinth bean    Lima bean Kidney/snap/French bean  Cow pea Winged bean/Goa bean   Sword bean               Methi/fenugreek	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Dolichos lablab Phaseolus lunatus P.vulgaris Vigna sinensis Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Canavalia gladiata Trigonella foenum graecum
10) Malvaceae             Bhendi	Abelmoschus esculentus
11) Solanaceae             Potato  Tomato Sweet pepper Brinjal   Hot pepper	Solanum tuberosum  Solanum lycopersicum Capsicum annuum var grossum Solanum melongena Capsicum annuum var annuum
12) Umbelliferae          Carrot Coriander           Celery	Daucus carota Coriandrum sativum Apium graveolens