Cranes, see Fig. 2.12(d), are large pieces of equipment that can move the camera from very low to very high above the set. Most cranes also move forwards, backwards, sideways, and in arcs. Cranes are normally used outdoors or in huge studios to capture top-angle shots. Sometimes jib-arms (a smaller version of a crane), see Fig. 2.12(e), are used to swing the camera out over an area that would be inaccessible to a large crane holding the camera operator and camera. Say you want to shoot a high-angle shot in a small room. Since a crane cannot fit into the room, a jib will come in handy. While smaller cranes are used in video, jibs come in handy for most video productions. Cranes and jibs can be controlled both manually and remotely.
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