Freezing Technology

8.1.7 Hazard analysis: (Principle 1)

Hazard will vary among firms making the same products because of differences in:

• Source of ingredients
• Formulations
• Processing equipments
• Processing and preparation methods
• Duration of process
• Storage conditions
• The experience, knowledge and attitude of personnel

Therefore hazard analysis must be done on all existing and new products. Changes in raw materials, product formulations, processing or preparation procedures, packaging, distribution and/or use of the product will require review of the original hazard analysis.

Examples of biological hazards: Bacteria (Spore forming): Clostridium botulinum C.perfringens Bacillus cereus Bacteria (Non-spore forming): Brucella abortis B.suis Campylobacter spp Cryptosporidium parvum (E.coli 0157; H7, EHEC,EIEC, TEC, EPEC) Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella spp. S.typhimurium S. enteriditis Shigella spp . Staphylococcus aureus S. pyogenes Vibrio cholerae V.Parahaemolyticus V.vulnificus Yersinia enterocolitica

Viruses Hepatitis A & E Norwalk virus group Rotavirus Protozoa & parasites: Diphyllobolthriumlatum Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Ascaris lumbricoides Taenia solium Taenia saginata Trichinella spiralis

Examples of chemical hazards:

Hazards Naturally occurring chemicals Allergens Mycotoxins (eg.flatoxin) Scombrotoxin (histamine) Ciguatoxin Biogenic toxins Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) Phyrolizidine alkaloids Phyrohaemagglutinin

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) Agricultural chemicals: Pesticides Fertilizers Antibiotics Growth hormones prohibited substances Direct Indirect

Toxic elements and compounds - Lead - Zinc - Cadmium - Mercury - Arsenic - Cyanide F ood additives vitamins & Minerals contaminants - Lubricants - Cleaners - Sanitizers - Coatings - Paints - Refrigerants - Water or steam treatment chemicals - Pest control chemicals

from packaging materials - Plasticizers - Vinyl chloride - Printing/coding inks - Adhesives - Lead - Tin