Horti-Business Management (2+0)

Scheduling the work

• The planning and control process is a communication system designed to convey to employees what, how, where, who, when and why the work is to be done.
1. Work design

• After the layout of the plant, plan for the movement of materials. Steps involved in work design and improvement are:
a) State the problem
b) State the functions
c) Collect the information
d) List alternatives
e) Formulate, review and test eh selected changes
f) Install and follow up changes

2. Work measurement

• Physical work can be measured more precisely than mental work but it sill requires judgment. The time to perform can be divided into i) time to perform the work and ii) time for personal needs and irregular activities.
• The methods used to determine time to perform the work are:
i) Estimates by people experienced in the work
ii) Time study, using a watch or timing device

Adding time for personal needs

• Personal and irregular time allowances are added to normal time to obtain the total time in which operation should be performed under normal conditions. Time for use of rest rooms, poor working conditions and fatigue are some allowances of personal needs.
3. Planning

• The optimum plan from a production standpoint is to maintain a constant level of production to its capacity for both machine and person of one product, with inputs needed arriving and outputs taken by customers as and when they are finished.
4. Scheduling the time for work to be done

• Orders are scheduled into production
a. On a preplanned schedule
b. When inventory is reduced to a certain low level
c. When orders are received and inventory is not available

• Schedules set the times to produce specified goods. The scheduling can be done by one of the following methods.
1. Sending orders into the shop in sequence. The shop processes the job through operation on a first come first served basis.
2. Setting priorities and processing orders accordingly. Rush orders which have to priority.
3. Using either (i) or (ii) for each operation
4. Setting a specific time for each operation and for each job.