LPT 312: Abattoir Practices and Animal Products Technology (1+1)

OVARIES,TESTES, STOMACH GLANDS AND GALL BLADDER

Ovaries

• These are collected only from mature animals i.e. those having corpus lutea.
• Ovaries are irregular, lobulated in appearance with large follicles projecting like small grapes.
• All ovaries with cysts are discarded.
• Sex hormones – estrogen and progesterone are extracted from ovaries.

Testes

• These are also collected from mature animals that have been passed in antemortem examination and postmortem inspection.
• Testosterone, a sex hormone is extracted from testes.
• Hyaluronidase enzyme is made from bull or rams testes.
• It is a very good spreading factor and used in several drugs to intensify their effect.

Stomach glands

• Rennin or rennet:
  • This is an enzyme obtained from the lining of fourth stomach (abomasum) of milkfed and unweaned buffalo or cow calf.
  • The abomasum is cut out, packed and frozen without any washing.
• Pepsin:
  • This is an enzyme obtained from the mucosal lining of the hog stomach.
  • Pink-red colour wrinkles and folds distinguish this part of hog stomach.
  • The glands are situated between the folds.
  • The hog stomach is cut and the glandular linings are pulled away from the stomach wall and frozen as quickly as possible.
  • These can be preserved in 1% H2SO4 or the acetone-dried powder of the glands can be stored at room temperature but very low temperature is required during its preparation.
  • Peptone can be prepared from the remainder part of the hog stomach.

Gall bladder

• It is attached to liver and contains bile, a dark golden-greenish viscous fluid of bitter taste.
• Bile is slightly alkaline (pH 7.15) and has a specific gravity of 1.025.
• It can be used as detergent in slaughter in slaughterhouses by dissolving in warm water (1:5 v/v).
• Dried bile has medicinal use as a substitute in secretion deficiencies.
• One kg of bile can be obtained from the gall bladder of 6 buffaloes or 55 sheep/goats, stored frozen.