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Appreciation and Differentiation of Symptoms caused by Mycotoxins
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1
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Aflatoxins
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Acute toxicity : Anorexia, depression, dyspnoea, coughing, nasal discharge, anemia, epistaxis, bloody feces. Death occurs after a short period of inappetance.
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Sub acute toxicity: Animals may develop jaundice, haematomas, haemorrhagic enteritis (warfarin like condition) and death. In cattle, there may be blindness, moving in circles, ear twitching, teeth grinding, photosensitive dermatitis, ataxia etc.
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Chronic Toxicity: Gradual decrease in feed efficiency, productivity and weight gain. Rough hair coat, anemia, enlarged abdomen, mild jaundice, depression and anorexia are also seen. Abortion may also occur. Signs may differ among different species but overall impression with aflatoxicosis is of liver damage and blood coagulation defects.
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2
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Ergot
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Acute toxicity: Onset of clinical signs in nervous ergotism may occur within 1 to 7 days and is characterized by combination of the following signs: weakness, recumbancy, tremors, spasms, hyperexcitability, incoordination, ataxia or staggering gait, tonic convulsions with opisthotonus, posterior paralysis, and either death or recovery in 10-14 days. Death may occur due to anoxia.
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Chronic toxicity: Anorexia, lameness, swelling and tenderness of the fetlock joint and pastern. There is development of sharply demarcated necrosis of the feet, ear and tail, and in severe cases the hooves or feet and tail may be sloughed off leaving a clean surface that may ooze serum and become encrusted. Female swine, cattle, and horses in late pregnancy have little or no udder development and agalactia.
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3
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Ochratoxins
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Acute toxicity: Anorexia, vomition, diarrhoea, dehydration and depression. However, acute toxicity is relatively rare.
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Subacute or chronic toxicity: Weight loss, reduced feed efficiency, polyuria, polydypsia and dehydration. Immunosuppression, teratogenicity , carcinogenicity.
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Participants