Principles of Biochemistry

These compounds are derived from eicosapolyenoic fatty acids (20-carbon) comprise the prostaglandins, prostacyclines, leukotriens and thromboxanes .

Prostaglandin:

A Prostaglandin is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty acid derivative that contains a cyclopentane ring and oxygen-containing functional groups. Prostaglandins are involved in many regulatory functions, including raising body temperature, inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices, relaxing and contracting smooth muscle, directing water and electrolyte balance, intensifying pain, and enhancing inflammation responses.

Thromboxane:

A thromboxane is a messenger lipid that is a C20 fatty acid derivative that contains a cyclic ether ring and oxygen-containing functional groups. An important function of thromboxane is to promote the formation of blood clot and promote aggregation.

Leukotrienes:

A leukotriene is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty acid derivative that contains three conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups. Various inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses are associated with elevated levels of leukotrienes.

Prostacyclins:

Prostacyclins are C20 fatty acid derivative. They are important component of blood and are involved in prevention of blood clotting.