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It includes provision of light and ventilation and attention to general cleanliness and sanitary conveniences. There should not be any room in the house without enough light. Ventilation must be adequate. It means supplying fresh air and evacuating polluted air. Opposite windows and doors as well as ventilators must be provided for easy movement of air. Sanitary conveniences as provision for drainage of waste water, disposal of refuge and human waste must be planned.
Light:
Important to life and health, flora and fauna. An important factor for illumination and hygiene. Both natural and artificial lighting may be required to give sufficient light.
Natural light – sunlight its impact on human health. None of the corner of the house should be left without receiving light. Bathrooms and toilets especially and even staircase, narrow passage, corridor should be avoided. If there is no possibility for proper window, at least sky light or roof level window should be provided.
Day lighting: Means not too much light but sufficient light free from glare. It should come from the right direction. The efficiency of a window as far as lighting is concerned is judged by means of amount of light it admits into the room. The number and size of windows must be adjusted to meet the requirements and these are influenced by climatic conditions and lighting requirements.
Plan large windows in kitchen, store (horizontal), bath.
Ventilators in bath, WC and kitchen is compulsory
Every room with minimum two openings for cross ventilation
Ventilator above door / window near roof in all rooms especially bed room.
Ventilation:
Over ventilation is harmless, while under ventilation is positively harmful. It should be in addition to the windows. It could be through fixed provisions with sliding shutters / ventilators, little below the ceiling height.
Stuffiness:
Air contains undue amount of carbonic acid gas, and water vapour charged with microscopically small particles of organic matter (foul oral smell). Hence function of satisfactory ventilation must be four folded to create:
A sensation of comfortable coolness to the body
Freedom from bad smell
Reduction in humidity
Proper supply of oxygen
There are two methods of ventilation
Natural ventilation
Artificial ventilation
Cleanliness:
Means provided for cleansing the interior and exterior. There are several traditional methods observed for removal of solid, liquid and human waste in the house.
Refuge or garbage is buried in the soil. (manure pit)
Vegetable or garbage waste into manure pit / vermin compost pit.
Earth closet or water closet for human waste into septic tank or drainage pipe.
Domestic slope water, it must never be discharged from the house garden / backyard.
Rain water – into rain water harvest pit. Non rottable waste (plastic bag, glass waste, metal) collected and reused.
Dust:
It is the great enemy to the health. Disease spreads by this. To avoid dust:
No moulding, not even skirting and cornice on the inner surface of wall.
Ledges, hooks, crevices and unseen places (hidden) should be avoided.
All edges and corners should be rounded.
Angles made by junction of floor and ceiling with wall should be rounded.
Non absorbent materials like glazed tiles should be provided in W.C, kitchen, bath where water comes in contact.
Grill works in windows should be with large apertures to facilitate cleaning.
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