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The main concept is that the quantity, thickness and spacing of the lines will affect the brightness of the overall image, and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume. Hatching lines should always follow (i.e. wrap around) the forms. By increasing quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker area will result. An area of shading next to another area which has lines going in another direction is often used to create contrast.
Line work can be used to represent colours, typically by using the same type of hatch to represent particular tones. For example, red might be made up of lightly spaced lines, whereas green could be made of two layers of perpendicular dense lines, resulting in a realistic image. Hatching can be done with pencil; it can also be done with pen, charcoal, coloured pencils, pastels, basically anything that makes a mark can be used.
 As with any shading, the key is getting a gradual transition. For lighter values, make the marks less dense. For darker values, make the marks more layered and closer together. One can also try using pens of different sizes or pencils of different hardness’s to help with your values.
It is important to practice cross hatching before you start an ink drawing as you need to develop a confidence and rhythm to your technique.
Cross Hatching can take many forms. It can be done freehand with carefully drawn lines or it may also be done mechanically with a ruler. You may even combine both approaches in one technique. Whatever method of hatching , it should be sympathetic to the subject of your work.
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