Value, the second dimension, describes the lightness or darkness of a colour (Fig.4.4). There are many degrees of light and dark, ranging all the way from white to black, but for the sake of convenience in use, nine typical steps are selected. Dr. Denman W. Ross gave these nine steps names and symbols to aid in visualizing them. White has the highest value, and no hue can be as light as white. Black has the lowest value, and no hue can be so dark. Halfway between black and white comes middle value. The value scale begins with White at the top (symbolized by W).
Values can be changed by adding white or water to lighten and by adding more pigment or black to darken them.
Tints and shades:
A value that is lighter than the normal colour is called a tint, and one that is darker, called a shade.
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