Physical Education

Chemical Burns

When acids, alkalies, or other chemicals come in contact with the skin, they can cause injuries that are generally referred to as chemical burns. These injuries are not caused by heat but by direct chemical destruction of the tissues. The areas most often affected are the arms, legs, hands, feet, face, and eyes. Alkali burns are usually more serious than acid burns; alkalies generally penetrate deeper and burn longer.

If the casualty has chemical burns, do the following:

1. Flush area immediately with large quantities of fresh water, using an installed deluge shower or hose, if available. Avoid excessive water pressure. Continue to flush the area for at least 15 minutes while removing the clothes, including shoes, socks, and jewelry. Dry lime powder (alkali burns) creates a corrosive substance when mixed with water; keep the powder dry and remove it by brushing it from the skin. Acid burns caused by phenol (carbolic acid), should be washed with alcohol. Then wash the area with large quantities of water. If alcohol is not available, flush the area with large quantities of water. Cover chemical burns with a sterile dressing.

2. If available, follow the first aid procedures provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the chemical.

3. Flush the eyes with fresh water immediately using an installed emergency eye/face bath or hose on low pressure for at least 20 minutes. Ask casualty to remove contact lenses. Use your hands to keep the eyelids open. Never use a neutralizing agent, mineral oil, or other material in the eyes.

4. Monitor the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).

5. Warning - Do not attempt to neutralize any chemical unless you are sure what it is and what substance will effectively neutralize it. Further damage may be done by a neutralizing agent that is too strong or incorrect. Do not apply creams or other materials to chemical burns.

6. Treat for shock - Keep the casualty comfortable and warm enough to maintain normal body temperature.

7. Request medical assistance for all chemical burns. If possible, before transport, notify medical personnel of the name and other pertinent information about the chemical involved, location of the burn, and percentage of the body area affected. Send the container to medical personnel with the casualty.