Navigation and Seamanship (1+1)

1.1.3.3. Celestial Navigation

            

         

          Celestial navigation is the determination of position by observing the celestial bodies such as the Sun, Moon, planets and stars, by drawing lines of position using tables, spherical trigonometry, and almanacs. It is used primarily as a backup to satellite and other electronic systems in the open ocean. Navigators recognizing the deficiencies of dead reckoning when carried on for days without knowing the effects of wind and current, soon developed techniques by observing heavenly bodies. Although presently electronic devices are widely used, the celestial navigation remains a basic and widely used procedure for determining positions at sea. Less accurate method than piloting but safe enough for a vessel at sea.