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4.1.5. Applications of PCR
• Amplification of small amounts of DNA for further analysis by DNA fingerprinting.
• The analysis of ancient DNA from fossils.
• Mapping the human (and other species) genome.
• The isolation of a particular gene of interest from a tissue sample.
• Generation of probes: large amount of probes can be synthesized by this technique.
• Analysis of mutations: Deletions and insertions in a gene can be detected by differences in size of amplified product.
• Diagnosis of monogenic diseases (single gene disorders)
• Detection of microorganisms: Especially of organisms and viruses that are difficult to culture or take long time to culture or dangerous to culture.
• The PCR has even made it possible to analyze DNA from microscope slides of tissue preserved years before.
• Detection of microbial genes responsible for some aspect of pathogenesis or antibiotic resistance.
• Crucial forensic evidence may often be present in very small quantities, e.g. one human hair, body fluid stain (blood, saliva, semen). PCR can generate sufficient DNA from a single cell.
· The sensitivity of PCR allows the detection of pathogens that would be difficult to identify with conventional techniques.
· PCR is widely used for screening shrimp seed and brood for serious viral pathogens such as WSSV, YHV, IHHNV and TSV.
· PCR is ideal for studies in epidemiology, genotyping, health certification, quarantine and for screening for development of SPF stocks.