Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (1+1)

4.3.3. Methods of vaccine inactivation

There are several methods of inactivating bacterial cells for incorporation into fish vaccines.

i) Chloroform (3% v/v)

ii) Formalin (0.2-0.5% v/v)

iii) Phenol (0.3-3.0%)

iv) Heat (56° C or 100° C)

v) Sonication

vi) Lysis with NaOH at pH 9.5 or with SDS.

Commercially, the use of formalin has given encouraging results.