Conditioning
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Classical Conditioning : Developed by Russia Psychologist Petrocitch Pavlov
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Operant Conditioning : Developed by American Psychologist B.F. Skinner.
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An operant is an emitted response.
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Experiments conducted in Skinner Box
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In the Skinner box be experimental animal was maintained free from distracting stimuli. In the experiment, the animal can receive reinforcement upon emitting the proper operant.
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In the experiment the operant was a bar press and the reinforcement was a pallet of food.
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The fundamental law of operant conditioning is that if the occurrence of an operant is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, it will increase the rate of responding.
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The reinforces may be positive or negative.
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positive reinforcers – eg. Food, wafer or sexual contact
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negative reinforcers – eg. Electric shocks, bright lights and loud noiserd.
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Last modified: Wednesday, 30 November 2011, 9:30 AM