Lesson 9: Effects of Yarn, Weave, Colour and Finishes on Textiles
Staple Fibre (Spun) Yarns
Spun yarns are made by assembling and binding together staple fibres. The method of producing spun yarn depends on some factors such as the amount of strength or the quality of handle and appearance that are needed.
Natural fibres are always produced as spun yarns.
But man-made can be made as spun yarns. For this the man-made continuous filament is chopped into staple lengths before spinning. Virtually all the syntheticfor knitting, are staple fibre yarns. yarns produced
Staple fibre yarns can be subdivided and classified as Single, Ply and Cable.
Single yarn
The single yarn is produced by spinning the staple fibres with the help of Z-twist and S-twist as shown in Fig.10.1.
Relatively finer and weak in structure
Ply yarn (Folded or doubled yarn)
Produced by twisting 2 or more single yarns together in a single operation illustrated in Fig.10.2.
The name is given according to the no. of singles in a ply i.e. 2 ply or 3 ply.
Stronger and coarser than single yarn but weaker than cable or cord yarn.
Cord (cable) Yarn
Produced by twisting 2 or more plied yarns together in more than one operation shown in Fig.10.3.
Stronger and coarser than single and ply yarns.
Role of spun yarns in creating designs
By combining finer and coarser yarns. For example: Ribbed weaves.
Such effects are suitable for furnishings, upholsteries and heavy home textiles.
By combining loose and taut twisted yarns. For example: Uneven effects / irregular textures.
Such effects are suitable for fancy fabrics for furnishings, floor covering etc.
By combining different colour yarns. For example: Stripes and Checks.
Such effects are suitable for shirting, dress materials, sarees, bed linen, table linen, furnishings and draperies.
By weaving fabric using differential tension warp yarns. For example: Seersucker.
Such effect is suitable for producing fancy fabrics, dress materials and shirting materials.
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