LESSON 19. Displacement Method: Moment Distribution Method – 5

19.1 Introduction : In this lesson we will learn how to apply the Moment Distribution Method in frames where joint translation (sidesway) is allowed. The procedure is illustrated via the following example.

Example 1

Draw the bending moment diagram for the follwing frame. EI is constant for all members.

Module 2 Lesson 19 Fig.19.1

Fig. 19.1.

The above problem can be represented as the superposition of two sub-problems as shwon in Figure 18.2.

Module 2 Lesson 19 Fig.19.2 Fig. 19.2.

In the first sub-problem (Figure 18.2a), sidesway is prevented and therefore can be analyzed by moment distribtuin mehod as discussed in the previous lesson. Suppose Cx be the horizontal reaction at C. Now in the second sub-problem apply an arbitrary sidesway d as shown in Figure 18.2b. Calculate horizontal force F due to arbitrary sidesway d. Then the beam end moment in the orizinal structure is obtained as,

\[M{}_{original} = M{}_{sub - problem1} + kM{}_{sub - problem2}\]

Where, \[k={{{C_x}} \over F}\]

Step1: Solution of sub-problem 1 (sidesway restrained)

\[{k_{BA}}={{4E{I_{BA}}} \over {{L_{BA}}}}={{4EI} \over 5}\] ,  \[{k_{BC}}={{4E{I_{BC}}} \over {{L_{BC}}}}={{2EI} \over 5}\]  and  \[{k_{CD}}={{4E{I_{CD}}} \over {{L_{CD}}}} = {{4EI} \over 5}\]

Distribution factors are,

\[D{F_{BA}}={2 \over 3}\] ,  \[D{F_{BC}}={1 \over 3}\] ,  \[D{F_{CB}}={1 \over 3}\]  and  \[D{F_{CD}}={2 \over 3}\]

End A is fixed and therefore no moment will be carrid over to B from A. Carry over factors for other joints,

\[C_{BA}={1 \over 2}\]\[C_{BC}={1 \over 2}\] ,  \[C_{CB}={1 \over 2}\]  and  \[C_{CD}={1 \over 2}\]

Fixed end moments are,
\[M{}_{FBC}=-{{7.5 \times {{10}^2}} \over {12}}=-62.5{\rm{kNm}}\] ;   \[M{}_{FCB}=-{{7.5 \times {{10}^2}} \over {12}}=62.5{\rm{kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{FAB} = M{}_{FBA} = M{}_{FCD} = M{}_{FDC}=0\]

Calculations are performed in the following Table.

Module 2 Lesson 19 Table.19.1

 Module 2 Lesson 19 Fig.19.3

Fig. 19.3.

From the free body diagram of AB and CD (Figure 18.3),

\[{A_x}={{{M_{AB}} + {M_{BA}}} \over {{L_{AB}}}}={{25 + 50} \over 5}=75{\rm{ kN}}\]

\[{D_x}={{{M_{CD}} + {M_{DC}}} \over {{L_{CD}}}}={{ - 25 - 50} \over 5}=75{\rm{ kN}}\]

Also,

\[{C_x}=10 + {A_x} + {B_x}=10{\rm{ - 75}} + 7{\rm{5}}={\rm{1}}0{\rm{ kN}}\]

Step 2: Solution of sub-problem 2 (for an arbitrary sidesway)

Let an arbitray sway δ = 100 / EI is applied at C. Fixed end moments due to δ are,

\[M{}_{FAB}=M{}_{FBA}=-{{6EI\delta } \over {{L_{AB}}}}=-{{6EI} \over 5} \times {{100} \over {EI}}=-120{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{FCD}=M{}_{FDC}=-{{6EI\delta } \over {{L_{CD}}}}=-{{6EI} \over 5} \times {{100} \over {EI}}=-120{\rm{ kNm}}\]

Moment distribution calculations,

Module 2 Lesson 19 Table.19.2

Horizontal reactions at A and D are,

\[{A_x}={{{M_{AB}} + {M_{BA}}} \over {{L_{AB}}}}={{ - 85.75 - 51.45} \over 5}=-27.44{\rm{ kN}}\]

\[{D_x}={{{M_{CD}} + {M_{DC}}} \over {{L_{CD}}}}={{ - 85.75 - 51.45} \over 5}=-27.44{\rm{ kN}}\]

Therefore, total horizontal force due to lateral sway δ = 100 / EI  an be ditermined by the following equilibrium equation,

\[F + {A_x} + {D_x}=0 \Rightarrow F = 54.88{\rm{ kN}}\]

Hence, \[k = {C_x}/F=10/54.88\]

Final moment now can be obtained as,

\[M{}_{original}=M{}_{sub - problem1} + kM{}_{sub - problem2}\]

Therefore,

\[M{}_{AB} = M{}_{AB1} + kM{}_{AB2}=25 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times ( - 85.75) = 9.375{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{BA} = M{}_{BA1} + kM{}_{BA2}=50 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times ( - 51.45)=40.625{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{BC}=M{}_{BC1} + kM{}_{BC2}=-50 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times (51.45)=-40.625{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{CB}=M{}_{CB1} + kM{}_{CB2}=50 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times (51.45)=59.375{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{CD}=M{}_{CD1} + kM{}_{CD2}=-50 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times ( - 51.45)=-59.375{\rm{ kNm}}\]

\[M{}_{DC}=M{}_{DC1} + kM{}_{DC2}=-25 + \left( {10/54.88} \right) \times ( - 85.75)=-40.625{\rm{ kNm}}\]

Module 2 Lesson 19 Fig.19.4

Figure 19.4: Bending moment Diagram.

 

Suggested Readings

Hbbeler, R. C. (2002). Structural Analysis, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.,Delhi.

Jain, A.K., Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K., (2004). Theory of Structures. Twelfth Edition, Laxmi Publications. 

Menon, D.,  (2008), Structural Analysis, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Hsieh, Y.Y., (1987), Elementry Theory of Structures , Third Ddition, Prentrice Hall.

Last modified: Thursday, 19 September 2013, 5:58 AM