Topic	Name	Description
	Lecture schedule
Topic 1	Introduction to Plant Breeding
	Definition
	Food Production in India
	Milestones in Plant Breeding
Topic 2	Disciplines for Plant Breeding
	Activities in plant breeding
	Achievements
	Contributions in plant breeding
Topic 3	Plant Breeding in India
	Aims and scope of plant breeding
Topic 4	Kinds Of Germplasm
	Gene Pool and its Type
	Vavilovian Centers of Diversity
	Types of Centers of Diversity
	Law of Parallel Variation
	Gene Sanctuaries
Topic 5	Conservation
	Gene Banks
	Meristem Gene Banks
	Evaluation of germplasm
	Documentation
	Distribution
	Cultivated Germplasm
	Organizations Associated With Germplasm
	Quarantine
Topic 6	Mode of reproduction in plants
	Natural vegetative propagation methods
	Sub-aerial modification of stem
	Other plants
	Apomixis
	Sexual reproduction
	Classification of incomplete flowers
	Mode of Pollination
	Mechanisms favoring self pollination:
	Mechanisms favouring cross pollination
	Classification of crops as per the pollination
	Determination of pollination in plants
	Estimation cross pollination in plants
Topic 7	Self incompatibility
	Homomorphic system
	Sporophytic incompatibility
	Uses of incompatibility
	Pseudo-compatibility
	Mechanism of self incompatibility
Topic 8	Introduction
	Types of apomixis
	Apospory
	Development of apomictic embryo
	Genetics of apomixes
	Advantages of apomixis
	Uses of apomixis in plant breeding
	Exploitation of apomixis in crop improvement
	Detection of apomixes
	Maintenance and transfer of apomixes
Topic 9	Introduction
	Genetic implications of cross-pollination
	Examples of predominantly cross-pollinated species
Topic 10	Introduction
	Economically important characters
	Environment and quantitative variation
	Polygenic inheritance
	Gene action
	Components of Genetic Variance
	Concept of heritability
	Types of heritability
	Factors affecting heritability estimates
Topic 11	Introduction
	Genetic male sterility
	Cytoplasmic male sterility
	Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility
	Production of Hybrid seed
Topic 12	Introduction
	Plant breeding methods
	Methods of breeding autogamous crops
Topic 13	Introduction
	Pure Line Theory
	Origin of variation in purelines
	Uses of Pure line
	Procedure for Pure line selection
	Mass Selection
	Merits and demerits of Mass Selection
	Comparison of pure line and mass selections
Topic 14	Introduction
	Aims of Hybridization
	Types of Hybridization
	Procedure of developing hybrid variety
	Pedigree method
	Merits and Demerits of pedigree method
Topic 15	Introduction: Bulk Method
	Application of bulk method
	Procedure for Bulk method
	Single seed descent method
	Comparison of pedigree and Bulk method
Topic 16	Introduction
	Requirement of back cross breeding
	Applications of back cross breeding
	Procedure for transfer of dominant gene
	Transfer of a recessive gene
	Merits and Demerits of Back cross breeding
	Comparison of back cross and pedigree method
Topic 17	Introduction
	Hardy-Weinberg law
	Migration
	Mutation
	Random drift or Genetic drift
	Inbreeding
	Selection
Topic 18	Introduction
	Random mating
	Genetic assortative mating
	Genetic dis-assortative mating
	Phenotypic assortative mating
	Phenotype dis-assortative mating
Topic 19	Inbreeding
	Degrees of inbreeding depression
	Heterosis
	Heterosis and Hybrid Vigour
	Heterosis and dominance in relation to parental values
	Genetic basis of heterosis
	Comparison of dominance and over dominance hypothesis
	Fixation of heterosis
	Factors affecting Heterosis
	Estimation of Heterosis
	Manifestation of heterosis
Topic 20	Introduction
	Evaluation of inbreds
	Production of Hybrids
	Success of hybrids
Topic 21	Introduction: Synthetic variety
	Merits and Demerits of Synthetic variety
	Composites
	Comparison of Synthetic and composite varieties
Topic 22	Introduction
	Stratified mass selection
	Half sib family selection
	Ear to row method
	Full sib family selection
	Inbred or selfed family selection
	Merits of progeny testing and selection
Topic 23	Introduction
	Isolation of inbreds
	Simple recurrent selection
	Recurrent selection for General combining ability
	Recurrent selection for specific combining ability
	Reciprocal Recurrent selection (RRS)
	Applications of reciprocal recurrent selection
Topic 24	Characteristics of asexual crops
	Advantages of asexual reproduction
	Limitation of asexual reproduction
	Clone
	Origin of genetic variation
	Breeding approaches
	Introduction
	Selection
	Clonal selection
	Interspecific Hybridization
	Mutation Breeding
	Breeding of apomictic crops
Topic 25	Introduction
	Types of Mutations
	Mutagens: Physical mutagens
	Chemical mutagens
	Situation of Mutation Breeding
	Steps in mutation Breeding
	Procedure for oligogenic traits
	Procedure for poly genic traits
	Achivements in mutation breeding
Topic 26	Introduction
	Types of polyploids
	Features and origin of polyploids
	Aplications of polyploids
	Applications of polyploids in crop improvement
	Induction of polyploidy
	Induction of allopolyploids
	Induction of aneuploids
	Significance of polyploids
Topic 27	Introduction
	Commonly used media
	Areas of plant tissue culture
	Methods used in plant breeding: Micro propogation
	Somaclonal variation
	Protoplast culture
	Pollen culture
	Ovule culture
Topic 28	Introduction
	Molecular marker systems
	Randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs
	Molecular maps
	Divergent parents
	Analysis of marker segregation
	Generation of a suitable mapping population
	Identification of polymorphic probe-enzyme combinations
	Application Of DNA-markers
	Genetic Diversity
	Germplasm Resources
	Identification of crop varieties
	Marker aided selection
	Gene pyramiding
	Heterotic hybrid
	Limitations of molecular markers
Topic 29	Varietal release
	Evaluation of test entries
	Advance varietal trials
	Variety Identification System
	Intellectual Property Rights
	Orthodox or conventional IPRs
	Copyright
	Patents
	Trademark
	Unorthodox or Innovative IPRs
	Cyber Law
	Geographical Indications of goods
	Organizations involved in IPR
	World trade organisation
	Plant Varieties Protection and Farmers Rights Act
	Rights of breeders and farmers
Topic 31	Acknowledgement