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Syllabus |
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Overview of the course |
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Reference |
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Topic 1 |
Introduction |
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Centres of diversity of the major vegetable crop species |
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Origin Distribution and Growing states in India |
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Spice crops |
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Topic 2 |
Plant Biodiversity |
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Biodiversity definitions |
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Origin of life and biodiversity evolution |
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Benefits of biodiversity |
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Ecological role of biodiversity |
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Economic role of biodiversity & Ethical role of biodiversity |
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Plant biodiversity Merits |
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Plant biodiversity Demerits |
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Germplasm Conservation |
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In situ conservation |
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Ex Situ Germplasm Conservation |
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Plant quarantine |
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History of plant quarantine regulations |
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Topic 3 |
Mode of reproduction |
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I. Sexual reproduction |
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II.Asexual reproduction |
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III.Natural vegetative reproduction |
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IV.Artificial vegetative reproduction |
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Apomixis |
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Topic 4 |
Introduction |
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Pollination |
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Self-pollination |
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Cross- pollination |
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Often cross-pollinated species |
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Methods of pollination |
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The pollination process |
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Table |
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Methods of pollination in spices |
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Topic 5 |
Genetics – Chromosome number – Ploidy level of important vegetable, tuber and spice crops |
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Chromosome number |
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Topic 6 |
Self-incompatibility |
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Heteromorphic flowers |
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Homomorphic flowers |
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Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility (SSI) |
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Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) |
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Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) |
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Other mechanisms of self-incompatibility |
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Application in Crop Improvement Programme |
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Topic 7 |
Male Sterility |
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1.Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) |
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2.Genic Male Sterility (GMS) |
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3.Cytoplasmic – Genic Male Sterility (CGMS) |
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4.Environmental Genic Male Sterility (EGMS) |
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Chemical Induced Male Sterility |
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Application |
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Topic 8 |
Mass selection |
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Pureline selection |
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Hybridization |
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Pedigree breeding |
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The bulk-population |
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Hybrid varieties |
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History of selection |
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Twentieth-Century Developments |
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Effects of self-pollination on genotype |
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Genetic advance under selection |
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Developments Using DNA |
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Topic 9 |
Pureline selection -Definition |
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Procedure of Pureline Selection |
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Improvement of Local Varieties |
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Applications of Pureline Selection |
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Advantages & Disadvantages of Pureline Selection |
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Topic 10 |
Mass selection-Definition |
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Procedure for Mass Selection |
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Methods of mass selection |
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Application of mass selection |
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Advantages and disadvantages of Mass Selection |
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Topic 11 |
Heterosis-definition & Hybrid vigour |
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Theories of heterosis |
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Dominance hypothesis |
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Utilization of heterosis |
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Topic 12 |
Hybridization |
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History of hybridization |
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Objectives or Aims of Hybridization |
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Types of Hybridization – Hybrid |
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Hybridization Procedure |
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Difficulties in hybridization |
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Consquences of hybridization |
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Topic 13 |
Pedigree method |
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Maintenance of pedigree record |
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Applications of Pedigree method |
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Procedure for Pedigree selection |
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Merits & Demerits of Pedigree Method |
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Topic 14 |
Mass Pedigree method |
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Merits & Demerits of Mass Pedigree Method |
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Topic 15 |
Definition |
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Procedure for Bulk Method |
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Natural and artificial selection during bulk period |
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Modification of the Bulk Method |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Bulk Method |
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Topic 17 |
Single Seed Descent (SSD) |
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Procedure for Single Seed Descent Method |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of SSD Method |
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Topic 18 |
Backcross Method – Definition |
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Selection of parents |
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Backcross-Dominant gene transfer |
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Backcross -Recessive gene transfer |
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Genetic consequences |
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Advantagesand Disadvantages of Back Cross Method |
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Applications of Back Cross Method |
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Topic 19 |
Ploidy breeding |
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Polyploidy in plants |
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Terminology |
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Types of changes in chromosome number |
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variation in chromosome number |
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Application of Allopolyploidy in Crop improvement |
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Application of Autopolyploidy in Crop Improvement |
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Topic 20 |
Mutation |
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Types of Mutation |
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Mutagens and their mode of action |
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Table-Mutagens and their mode of action |
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Chemical mutagens |
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Base analogues and related compounds |
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Procedure of mutation breeding |
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Advantages and Disadvantages |
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Applications in crop improvement |
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Topic 21 |
Principles of Importance breeding of Cross Pollinated Crops |
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Mass selection |
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Hybrid |
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Factors affecting the equilibrium in populations |
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Mutation breeding |
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Systems of mating |
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Achievements |
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Topic 22 |
Mass Selection-Definition |
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Genetic basis and Types of Mass Selection |
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Procedure for Mass Selection |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Selection |
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Applications of Mass Selection |
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Topic 23 |
Recurrent selection and Principles |
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Types of recurrent selection |
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Role in crop improvement programme |
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Topic 24 |
Heterosis breeding |
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Types of heterosis |
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Mutational Heterosis |
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Balanced an Pseudo Heterosis |
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Average or Relative Heterosis |
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Heterobeltiosis |
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Standard Heterosis |
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Use of heterosis in crop improvement programme |
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Topic 25 |
Exploitation of Heterosis |
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Topic 26 |
Synthetic Variety |
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Procedure of Developing Synthetic Variety and Role in crop improvement |
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Merits and Demerits Synthetic Variety |
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Composite varieties |
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Procedure of developing composite variety |
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Differences between Synthetic and Composite Cultivars |
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Achievements: Synthetic varieties and Composite varieties |
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Topic 27 |
Biometrics |
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Applications of biometrics |
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Statistical tools in crop improvement |
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Frequently asked questions |
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Topic 28 |
Biotechnology |
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The key areas in which biotechnology has application to agriculture include |
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Current Role of Biotechnology in Crop Improvement |
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Genetic engineering in plants |
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Isolation of useful genes |
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Biosafety |
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Intellectual property |
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Topic 29 |
Embryo culture |
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Meristem culture |
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Anther culture |
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Somatic hybridization |
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Topic 30 |
Molecular makers |
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Hybridization based markers |
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PCR based markers |
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Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) |
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DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) |
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Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) |
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PCR with Sequence Specific Primers |
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Spice crop |
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Frequently asked questions |
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Topic 31 |
Solanaecous vegetable |
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Tomato |
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Breeding methods |
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Topic 32 |
Onion |
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Breeding methods |
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Salient breeding achievements and Future Prospect |
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Tapioca |
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Hybridization and selection |
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Clonal selection |
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Interspecific hybridization |
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Heterosis,Polyploid and Mutation Breeding |
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Topic 33 |
Leguminasae |
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Cowpea |
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Breeding methods |
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Amaranthus |
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Breeding methods |
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Topic 34 |
Cardamom |
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Selection |
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Varieties |
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High yielding cardamom varieties |
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Black pepper |
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Varieties |
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Ginger |
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Varieties |
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Turmeric |
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Improved varieties of turmeric |
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Nutmeg |
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Varieties |
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Cinnamon |
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Cinnom Varieties |
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Coriander |
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Coriander varieties |
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Frequently asked questions |
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